
How does it work?
WHY ASSESS BODY COMPOSITION?
Body composition is a recently validated (1) but still emerging science
that has become more important in the health and medical communities
because it is an accurate way to determine a persons general state of
health. For that reason, assessment of body composition is rapidly
becoming a component of routine physical examinations.
Evidence is accumulating that clearly identifies certain types of body
composition as major contributors to the development of disease.
Moreover, reliable and consistent measurements of body composition can
assist in monitoring the effects of dietary and physical therapies or
programs. Weight and appearance alone are deceptive indicators of the
body's composition. Measuring body composition, on the other hand,
allows individuals to accurately assess their health status.
BC1 BODY ANALYZER: AN ACCURATE AND PRACTICAL METHOD:
Most of the methods in common medical use for assessing human body
composition are impractical for routine consumer use. They include
height/weight charts, body mass indexes, girth and circumferences
measurements, skin fold measurements using calipers, ultrasound and
underwater weighing (2). Of the available methods, only underwater
weighing and skin folds are considered accurate enough to be clinically
acceptable (2-3). Underwater weighing is tedious, expensive, and is
obviously not a consumer friendly technique. The skin fold method is
highly subjective, since it depends on the skill of the tester, and
assumes there is a relationship between sub-dermal fat and body cavity
fat (4).
Again, this technique does not lend itself to mass consumer use. It is
therefore well accepted that there is a need for an accurate and
practical solution that can be used by consumers.
To help fill this need Stayhealthy has introduced the BC1 Body
Composition Analyzer, which uses bio-impedance technology usually found
in expensive clinical devices, but is an inexpensive, easy-to-use,
Web-enabled product.
WHAT IS THE BIO-IMPEDANCE TECHNOLOGY IN THE BC1 BODY ANALYZER?
Living tissue can be described in terms of three electrical characteristics: voltage, current, and impedance.
Voltage has been used in useful clinical arts including
Electrocardiography (ECG). Current is difficult to use, as generally
speaking the current used in any device is very small and is only used
as a measure of power.
It is easier to measure an endpoint that changes as a result of its
interaction with tissue. Impedance is one such endpoint and was first
used on biological systems in 1919 and has been in common use in
clinical systems since that time.
Bio-impedance devices work by measuring the change in electrical
resistance in body tissues by using a detectable electrical signal that
is passed through the body.
Similar indirect measurements are now being made of blood flow, cardiac
output, respiratory volume and arterial insufficiency and venous
thrombosis. In 1962, it was reported that impedance correlated highly
with total body water (5). In 1985, based on ten years of research, it
was reported that impedance measurements could accurately predict fat
free mass and total body fat (6).
The bio-impedance method is based on the principle that the lean body
muscular structure that contains virtually all the water and conducting
electrolytes in the body provides a good electrical pathway. In
contrast, fat or fat-containing tissues make a poor electrical pathway.
By inducing a low energy, high frequency signal a measurement of the
baseline resistance to flow of electrical current can be made. The
resistance measurement relates directly to the volume of the conductor.
By repeated measurements, and knowing other parameters such as gender,
weight, age, and height proprietary equations have been developed that
accurately determine total body water, fat free body mass and total
body fat.
SUMMARY
The BC1 BODY ANALYZER is designed to take these measurements and is
Web- enabled so that the values can be downloaded to Stayhealthy.com
servers, where individual measurements are displayed in various forms
and individualized advice is provided on fitness and health-related
subjects customized to the user.
Bibliography:
- Kotler,D.P., Burastero,S., Wang,J., and Pierson, R.N. Prediction of
body cell mass, fat-free mass, and total body water with bioelectrical
impedance: effects of race, sex, and disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68
(2): 403-4, 1998.
- Lukaski, H. C. Methods for the assessment of human body composition: traditional and new. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46: 537-56, 1987.
- Cohn, S. H. New concepts of body composition. In Ellis K.J.,
Yasumura S., Morgan, W.D., eds. In vivo body composition studies.
Oxford: Bocardo Press Limited, 1-11, 1987.
- Human Body Composition: Roche, A. F., Heymsfield, S.B., and Lohman, T. G. eds. Human Kinetics Press, 1996.
- Thomasett, A. Bioelectrical properties of tissue impedance. Lyon Med, 207: 107-118, 1962.
- Lukaski, H. C., Johnson, P.E., Bolonchuk, W.W.., and Lykken,
G.I. Assessment of fat free mass using bioelectrical impedance
measurements of the human body. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 41: 810-817, 1985.
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